Chinese celebrity common sense

Political and military celebrities

Xia Qi

Son of Xia Yu, first emperor in Chinese history. He destroyed ancient system of abdication in primitive society, he himself took throne after death of Yu's father from illness and founded first Xia dynasty in Chinese history, which proclaimed end of primitive society and beginning of slave-owning. first person in history to switch from a system of renunciation to a hereditary system. He also attacked and killed Boyi, Yu's chosen successor, and created a hereditary family system passed down from father to son. Upon ascending throne, he renounced Yandi, Xia territory, moved west to Daxia (now Feng River Basin), and established his capital at Anyi (now west of Xia County, Shanxi). During 9 years of his tenure, he was industrious and simple, diligent in education of morality, but then he became corrupt, drank and had fun all day long, sang and danced, hunted and hunted, and finally died of illness due to excessive debauchery.

Shang Tang

By surname Zi, formerly known as Lu, also known as Wu Tang, Cheng Tang, a prominent leader of Shang tribe, founder of Shang Dynasty, ruled for 13 years. The Shang Clan rose from lower reaches of Yellow River. In last years of Xia Dynasty, Xia Jie was promiscuous and innocent, and power of Shang Clan gradually grew. Xia Ze was worried that Shang clan would threaten him, so he summoned Shang Tang to Xiadu and imprisoned him in Xiatai. The Shang family bribed Xia Jie's friends with big money, so Shang Tang was released and returned to Shang. After Shang Tang's return, he was determined to destroy Xia and moved his capital to Bo.

Using this as a base for an aggressive attack, and finally defeated Xia Jie at Mingtiao (now East Fengqiu, Henan Province) and established second slave dynasty in Chinese history, Shang Dynasty with Bo as its capital. After founding of Shang Dynasty, Shang Tang learned lessons of subjugating country of Xia Jie, supporting people, encouraging production, reducing taxes, winning love of people, and made Shang power one of symbols of Mingjun in Chinese history. It expanded to headwaters of Yellow River and became at that time most powerful slave dynasty in world. Thus, Shantan became one of symbols of Mingjun in history of China.

Pangeng

The famous emperor of Shang Dynasty succeeded his elder brother Yangjia and reigned for 28 years. When Pan Geng ascended throne, dynasty had experienced several feuds and was already extremely corrupt politically, royal family was extravagant and corrupt, and class conflicts tended to escalate. To save decline of Shang Dynasty, Pan Geng abandoned original capital of Hao and moved capital to Yin, which was deserted at time, in order to curb tainted social atmosphere and reduce impact of natural disasters on population. public production. He also used harsh measures to prevent nobles from returning to old capital, andactively improved policies, reduced exploitation of people, and practiced thrift. Through unremitting efforts, Yin gradually developed into a very prosperous city, and social situation finally stabilized. Pan Geng's move to Yin revived economy and culture of Shang Dynasty to an unprecedented peak. At that time it was most civilized country in world. For more than 270 years, Shang capital has been located here. The Shang Dynasty was also called Yin Dynasty and Yin Shang.

Shang Zhou

Also known as Di Xin, son of Emperor Yi, last monarch of Shang Dynasty, reigned for 33 years. He was an experienced emperor who once ruled southeast and spread culture of Central Plains to Huai and Yangtze river basins, which played a role in setting scope for Chinese unification. But at same time, he was one of most famous tyrants in Chinese history, believed in Chonghou and Daji, and behaved extravagantly towards them. His depraved behavior caused public outrage to boil and also forced him into an isolated situation of betrayal. Ji Fa, chief of Zhou tribe, took advantage of fact that main Shang forces were still in southeast and led a large army to defeat Zhou. Zhou forced 700,000 slaves to fight against enemy, and two armies fought at Muye (now south of Xixian County, Henan Province). Zhou hurried to Chao Ge City and set himself on fire in Chao Ge Lutai. Together with Xia Jie, he became a symbol of violence in Chinese history.

Zhou Wenwang

His surname is Ji and his given name is Chang. He was leader of Zhou tribe in Shang Dynasty and de facto founder of Zhou Dynasty. During reign of King Zhou of Shang Dynasty, Ji Chang was given title of Xibo and country was founded under Mount Qi. He was imprisoned in Yuli by Zhou king for slander and later released. During his reign, he practiced charity, was also a military adviser, respected virtuous and bodily, recruited talents and attached great importance to development of agricultural production, so that many princes in world followed him. At same time, through appropriate preparation, he removed most of obstacles to destruction of business. He first used troops in northwest and southwest to create a solid rear to destroy Shang, and then in east he captured Chong, an important Shang Dynasty stronghold on upper Wei River, and occupied fertile lands in Guanzhong. After that, he built Fengyi on western bank of Fengshui River and moved political center to Feng (today southwest of Xian), forming an encirclement of Shangdu. Just as logging was just around corner, Ji Chang died of an illness. After his son Ji Fa conquered world, he honored him as King Wen.

Jiang Shang

Nicknamed Jiang, nicknamed Lu, fame, word Ya, word Ziya, native of Donghai, believed to be a descendant of Emperor Yang, a prominent politician of late Shang Dynasty and early Zhou Dynasty, and most important founding herofir tree of Zhou dynasty. He is very knowledgeable. He worked under Shang Zhou. When he was old, he met King Wen of Zhou by chance and was appointed national teacher. After that, he helped King Wen of Zhou implement a benevolent government, broadly recruit talent, and please people of Xu and Li Guo and others, gradually consolidated Zhou's power and laid a solid foundation for defeating Zhou. King Wen died and King Wu continued to use Jiang Shan. With Jiang Shang's help, King Wu led Jinhui League and then launched Battle of Muye and finally destroyed Shang Dynasty in one fell swoop. After founding of Zhou Dynasty, he was entrusted to State of Qi and became founder of State of Qi. He ruled country with clear rewards and punishments and worked hard to develop fishing industry, salt industry, and handicrafts, making Qi a wealthy country among vassals. He is said to have died when he was over 100 years old and was buried in Haojing. At that time, he was known as "Grandpa Jiang", and later generations called him Taigong Jiang.

Zhou Wuwang

Mingfa, second son of Ji Chang, leader of Zhou tribe and founder of Zhou dynasty, ruled for 3 years. After Ji Chang's death, he continued to use Jiang Ziya as prime minister and his brothers Zhou Gongdan and Zhao Gongshi as his assistants to make great efforts to govern and expand his power. In his second year, he gathered more than 800 princes in Mengjing. (now south of Mengxian County, Henan Province) to get together Do some logging. In 1057 BC Ji Fa allied with various vassal states and launched King Wu's famous Crusade against Zhou. He defeated Shang army at Muye and invaded Chaoge (southwest of Xi'an), known as "Zong Zhou". After founding of Zhou Dynasty, Ji Fa introduced enfeoffenment system, entrusting relatives and honored officials with five titles of Duke, Marquis, Bo, Zi, and Nan, which allowed them to create vassal states to consolidate and expand power. Zhou Dynasty. In third year after founding of People's Republic of China under Western Zhou Dynasty, Ji Bing died in Haojing, and after his death, his temple name was King Wu.

Jin Wengun

Named Chong'er, famous statesman of Spring and Autumn period, King of Jin, one of five overlords of Spring and Autumn period, before Chong'er ascended throne, he was forced to flee due to a long time due to for internal political struggle, and visited Di, Qi, Chu, state of Qin. In 637 BC Duke Hui of Jin Dynasty died, and Duke Mu of Qin sent troops to escort Chong'er back to country to ascend throne. He was Duke of Jin Wen. Soon after ascending throne, Jin Wen Gong first suppressed civil strife, then vigorously ruled country, eased corvée and reduced taxes, developed production, corrected administration of officials, rewarded talentYi Jin was getting stronger day by day. Jin Wengong then began a series of foreign wars and diplomatic activities. In 633 BC Jin and Chu fought troops. Jin Wengong used "retreat three houses" strategy to avoid enemy edge. Then, in April 632 BC, he fought a decisive battle with Chu army at Chengpu. This set stage for Jin to dominate Central Plains. After Battle of Chengpu, Duke of Jin Wen held "Earth Practitioner Alliance". King Zhou Xiang presented Duke Jin Wen with a ritual vessel, symbolizing power of overlord, and a large piece of land south of Yellow River. Duke Wen of Jin became another overlord during Spring and Autumn period.

Guan Zhong

Called Yiwu, courtesy name Zhong, a native of Yingshan, Anhui Province, was a famous statesman and philosopher in state of Qi during early spring and autumn period. In his early years, he was engaged in business, and later helped Duke Huang Qi to carry out comprehensive reforms of domestic and foreign policy, and also formulated a number of policies and strategies to enrich country and strengthen army. In politics, he promoted country's participation system and five bases of country, and created military organizations at all levels in country, stipulating that scientists, farmers, industry, and merchants should have their own jobs; collect taxes. reduce burden on farmers. He also used state power to develop salt and iron industries and increase tax revenues, in armed forces he created a civilian military and unified leadership of military and government; During his three years in power, national strength of State of Qi was unprecedentedly strong, he became honored head of Five Hegemons of Spring and Autumn Period, and became one of most famous political reformers in Chinese history. .